Methods for shaping fibrous material and treatment compositions therefor

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method of shaping a fibrous material and treatment compositions therefor. The method comprises providing a treatment composition comprising an active agent and a photocatalyst, applying the treatment composition to the fibrous material to form a treated fibrous material, mechanically shaping the treated fibrous material, and exposing the treated fibrous material to electromagnetic radiation. The treatment composition comprises an active agent, wherein the active agent comprises a sugar; and a photocatalyst.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to methods for shaping fibrous materials,such as hair or fabrics, and treatment compositions comprising an activeagent and a photocatalyst. The treatment composition is applied to thefibrous material. The treated fibrous material is mechanically shapedand exposed to electromagnetic radiation resulting in a fibrous materialthat is shaped semi-permanently.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Consumer products for treating fibrous materials, such as hair andfabrics, are a staple in most households. Such products provide avariety of benefits, including cleaning benefits, styling benefits,wrinkle removal, and the like.

In the field of hair care products, consumers are constantly demandingproducts that meet their daily styling needs, such as straightening hairor curling hair, without damaging the hair. The perceived and sometimesreal impact of various treatments and the implements such as blow dryingand flat iron can have detrimental effects on the acute and chronicnature of hair.

Permanent methods, such as hair relaxers, usually comprise the steps ofapplying onto hair a composition comprising a high pH solution (orcombination of components to generate high pH), leaving on for aprotracted time and then applying a neutralizing composition. A relaxeris a treatment predominately used by people having naturally curly hairto permanently straighten hair. The treatment relies on either theone-step sodium hydroxide (lye) or a two step (e.g. guanidine carbonateand calcium hydroxide) to achieve very high pH (pH 12-14).

Semi-permanent benefits can be achieved using redox chemistry such asthioglycolic acid (TGA) and hydrogen peroxide. Here, the curly hair istransformed into the straight hair because the disulfide bonds arebroken by the reaction with TGA. The straighter style is locked induring the oxidation step with hydrogen peroxide.

Non-permanent methods usually comprise the step of heating the hair witha flat-iron or heating element. Methods using such devices incombination with chemically-modifying the internal hair fibres canobtain long-lasting effects e.g. over several months. The BrazilianKeratin Treatments (BKTs) enable the achievement of a straight hairstylethat lasts several months. The key active in BKTs is formaldehyde. Themost efficacious treatments (used mainly in salons) rely on hightemperature—usually 232° C. (450° F.)—with formaldehyde. Hair treatedwith products with high concentration of formaldehyde such as BrazilianBlowout delivers semi-permanent straight hair. Over time and followingshampooing, the hair reverts back to a curly configuration.

The known methods for straightening or curling hair all have drawbacks.The permanent methods are typically time-consuming and may damage hair.

In the field of fabric care products, consumers desire products that canbe used to impart a particular durable or semi-permanent shape to thefabrics, whether it be straightening fabrics (such as in removingwrinkles from fabrics) or imparting creases in fabrics (such as increasing trousers or shirts). Such products used to impart such shape tofabrics typically involve the use of high heat (e.g. 275-450 F), such asusing a heated clothes iron. Products are used in conjunction with aheated iron, such as spray starch or the like. The use of a heated ironand associated products can, over time, lead to degredation of thefabrics and can yield fabrics that have an unpleasant hand feel (e.g.being overly stiff). In addition, subsequent washing of the fabrics willtend to remove the previously imparted shape to the fabrics.

There is a need therefore for providing a method for shaping a fibrousmaterial, such as hair or fabrics. Further, there is a need for doing sowithout unduly damaging the fibrous material being shaped.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method for shaping fibrous material,the method comprising providing a treatment composition comprising anactive agent and a photocatalyst, applying the treatment composition tothe fibrous material to form a treated fibrous material, mechanicallyshaping the treated fibrous material, and exposing the treated fibrousmaterial to electromagnetic radiation, preferably having a wavelength offrom about 300 nanometers (“nm”) to about 750 nm.

The present invention further relates to a treatment composition forshaping fibrous material comprising an active agent, wherein the activeagent comprises a sugar; and a photocatalyst. The treatment compositionoptionally further comprises a carrier and other optional components.

The present invention further relates to a kit comprising the treatmentcomposition and an appliance for mechanically shaping the fibrousmaterial, preferably wherein the appliance comprises a lighted element.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a bar chart illustrating hair straightening results forvarious treatment compositions of the present invention versus acontrol.

FIG. 2 is a bar chart illustrating hair straightening results for atreatment composition of the present invention under various conditionsversus a control.

FIG. 3 is a series of photographs illustrating eyelash shaping resultsfor a treatment composition of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the term “functional group” means an atom or group ofassociated atoms that, at least in part, defines the structure anddetermines the properties of a particular family of chemical compounds.A functional group may be a region on or in a molecule or material thatis a site of specific chemical reactivity compared to other regions ofthe molecule or material. Functional groups generally havecharacteristic properties and may control, in part, the reactivity of amolecule as a whole. Functional groups include, but are not limited to,hydroxyl groups, thiol groups, carbonyl groups, carboxyl groups,sulfonate groups, sulfide groups, ether groups, halogen atoms, aminogroups, cyano groups, nitro groups, and the like. Compounds that aregenerally classified (structurally and/or functionally) according tofunctional groups include, but are not limited to, alkanes, alkenes,alkynes, aromatic compounds, halides, alcohols, ethers, esters, amines,imines, imides, carboxylic acids, amides, acid halides, acid anhydrides,nitriles, ketones, aldehydes, carbonates, peroxides, hydroperoxides,carbohydrates, acetals, epoxides, sulfonic acids, sulfonate esters,sulfides, sulfoxides, thioethers, thiocyanates, disulfides, phosphonicacids, phosphate esters, phosphines, azides, azo compounds, nitrocompounds, nitrates, nitriles, nitrites, nitroso compounds, thiols,cyanates, isocyanates, acetals, and ketals, for example.

The term “active agent” as used herein means substances which can reactwith a photoactivated photoactivator in order to impart a desired shapeof the fibrous material. This may include, for example, imparting acrease to a fabric, removing wrinkles from a fabric, straightening hair,curling hair, curling eyelashes, and the like.

The term “suitable for application to human hair” and “suitable forapplication to human skin” as used herein means that the compositions orcomponents thereof so described are suitable for use in contact withhuman hair, human scalp, human eyelashes, and human skin without unduetoxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic response, and the like.

The term “fibrous material” as used herein means a material thatcomprises fibers or materials that are fibers themselves. Fibrousmaterials include keratin fibers (such as hair or eyelashes), cellulosicfibers (e.g. wood fibers, pulp fibers, cotton fibers, hemp fibers, silkfibers, rayon fibers, lyocell fibers, and the like), synthetic fibers(e.g. polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyester fibers,bicomponent fibers, and the like), and combinations thereof. Fibrousmaterials further include woven materials and nonwoven materials thatcontain fibers, such as clothing or textile fabrics.

The term “consumer product” as used herein means a personal care productor a household care product. Consumer products are typically sold ingrocery stores, drug stores, and the like.

The term “personal care product” as used herein means a product such as,for example, cosmetic products for treating eyelashes such as mascara;hair care products such as mousse, hair spray, styling gel, shampoo,hair conditioner (leave-in or rinse-out), cream rinse, hair dye, haircoloring product, hair shine product, hair serum, hair anti-frizzproduct, hair split-end repair product, permanent waving solution,antidandruff formulation, and the like.

The term “household care product” as used herein means a product suchas, for example, a laundry detergent, a fabric conditioner, a fabricdye, a laundry additive, a fabric surface protectant, a fabric refresherspray, a fabric wrinkle reducing spray, a vehicle seat fabric treatment,upholstery treatment, carpet treatment, and the like. Household careproducts may be in the form of liquids, gels, suspensions, powders,sheets, and the like. Household care products may also be for householdor home care use as well as for professional, commercial and/orindustrial use.

It is believed that the compositions and methods described hereinprovide for the modification of the bulk properties of a fibrousmaterial by treating the material with an active agent capable ofpenetrating the fibers of, reacting with, and covalently binding to, thefibrous material. Such modification of the bulk properties generallyrelate to the three dimensional profile of the fibrous material (i.e.curly/straight or wrinkled/straight (or flat)).

The various aspects relate, in general, to compositions and methods fortreating a fibrous material including, but not limited to, physiologicalfibrous materials such as, for example, hair fibers, as well asnon-physiological fibrous materials such as, for example, fabric, paper,and the like. Substrates may also include surfaces that have beenpreviously modified such as, for example, coated surfaces. The terms“substrate” and “material” may be used interchangeably in the context offibrous material to be modified by the compositions and methodsdescribed herein.

In various aspects, the compositions described herein include an activeagent that can modify a fibrous material in the presence of an acid or abase, a photocatalyst capable of generating an acid or a base uponexposure to light, and optionally a suitable carrier, which may bewater. In various aspects, the compositions described herein may alsoinclude one or more optional components, including surfactants,emulsifiers, oxidants, reductants, pH regulators, emollients,humectants, proteins, peptides, amino acids, additive polymers,glossers, essential oils and/or fatty acids, lubricants,sequestrants/chelators, antistatic agents, rheology modifiers, feelagents, fillers, preservatives, perfumes, other functional components,or combinations thereof.

Generally, attachment of active agents on fibrous materials such as hairand fabric, for example, often proves difficult to achieve. This isespecially true in the presence of water, which may rapidly degradereactive moieties before reaction with the substrate occurs. Moreover,aqueous media are known to chemically facilitate hydrolysis andoxidation reactions that may compete against covalent attachment ofactive agents to fibrous materials. This may pose particular problems,for example, in personal care products where water is often used as aphysiologically acceptable carrier. Household care products also oftenuse water in a variety of capacities, most notably as a solvent ordiluent.

In addition, fibrous substrates such as, for example, hair, and fabricmay not contain particularly reactive chemical functional groups on theinterior that would readily react with active components to formcovalent bonds. This relatively low substrate reactivity may result in areaction system that is outside the practical time frame of anapply-and-rinse environment (e.g., shampooing and conditioning hair,laundering fabrics, or the like). The various aspects of thecompositions and methods described herein are directed toward aphotocatalyst technology that allows the use of light to promote areaction such as, for example, the attachment of an active agent to thefibers of a fibrous substrate, thereby overcoming said relatively lowsubstrate reactivity.

In various aspects, the active agents may be one or more small moleculeswith a molecular weight of below about 1000 g/mol that further react toform higher molecular weight species once having penetrated the fibersof the fibrous material in the presence of acid or base. The fibrousmaterial is treated with a composition comprising a photocatalyst and anactive agent, which at least partially penetrates the fibers. Uponexposure to light, the photocatalyst is activated thereby generatingacid or base, which catalyzes the reaction of the small molecule,thereby attaching to the fiber and/or forming a higher molecular weightspecies.

In various aspects of the compositions and methods described herein, thephotocatalyst may be a photoacid that liberates a proton upon exposureto light. The proton (which may be solvated, e.g., in the form of ahydronium ion) may catalyze the formation of a covalent bond. In variousembodiments of the compositions and methods described herein, thephotocatalyst may be a photobase that liberates a hydroxide anion uponexposure to light. The hydroxide anion may catalyze the formation of acovalent bond. In various embodiments, the mechanism of action of aphotoacid or photobase is not limited to an Arrhenius-type orBrønsted-Lowry type acid or base system, but rather may also include aLewis-type acid or base that is catalytically activated upon exposure tolight. The compositions and methods described herein are not limited inthis context.

Acid or base catalysis reactions are generally impracticable in thecontext of personal care products because it is difficult to generatesufficient acid or base concentration at the surface or within the bulkof the substrate without having relatively high or relatively low pH.The use of products having relatively high or relatively low pH isgenerally inappropriate because such acidic and caustic substances maybe physiologically unacceptable. The use of relatively high orrelatively low pH can also be undesireable in the context of householdcare products, such as laundry detergent, because such acidic andcaustic substances may cause undue damage to fabrics.

The compositions and methods described herein overcome theselimitations. It is believed that the use of a photocatalyst allows forthe co-localization of the catalyst and an active component within thefibers of the substrate material. The photocatalyst however is notactivated until it is exposed to light. Photoacid catalysts, forexample, exhibit a decrease in pKa upon exposure to light of suitablewavelength. Photobase catalysts, for example, may exhibit an increase inpKb upon exposure to light of a suitable wavelength. The respectiveincrease in acid or base strength upon exposure to light results in alocalized increase in proton or hydroxide concentration within thesubstrate fibers which facilitates rapid reaction, for example.Moreover, because the proton or hydroxide concentration is localized at,near or within the substrate for a short period of time (beforediffusing into the surrounding medium), bulk pH may be essentiallyunaffected by the photocatalytic reaction and may remain close toneutral, given the quantity of the photocatalyst used. This isadvantageous for physiological applications such as, for example, inpersonal care products and in various consumer care productapplications. In addition, the transient localized nature of the acidicor basic catalysis also contributes to the stability of the covalentbond formed during the process in cases where the covalent bond issensitive to high or low pH.

Therefore, photocatalysis of the reactions forming covalent bondsbetween active components and fibrous substrates in the variousembodiments of the compositions and methods described herein providesfor an efficient, controllable, stable and physiologically acceptableapproach to substrate treatment.

The fibrous material to be shaped by the methods and compositions of thepresent invention may be treated by spraying, soaking, spreading,coating, rinsing, or any other suitable means of introducing thecomposition into the bulk of the fibrous material. In some aspects, itcan be important to ensure the entire substrate is wetted by thetreatment composition in order to ensure sufficient modification of thefibrous material. If the active agent is at least partially insoluble inthe carrier, it can be important to maximize contact between the activeagent and the fibrous material by, for example, minimizing the drop sizeor particle size of the active agent in the carrier. In various aspects,it may be desired to introduce the treatment composition onto only asingle portion or multiple portions of the fibrous material. In otheraspects, it may be desired to irradiate only a single portion ormultiple portions of a fibrous material with electromagnetic radiationof a wavelength suitable to activate the photocatalyst. This allows forcontrol of the location and extent of the surface and/or bulkmodification.

Each of the various components of the compositions and associatedmethods described herein, as well as preferred and optional components,are described in detail.

Treatment Composition

The treatment composition of the present invention comprises an activeagent and a photocatalyst. The treatment composition optionally furthercomprises a carrier. For purposes of the present invention, treatmentcompositions encompass concentrated compositions for subsequent dilutionbefore use, as well as diluted compositions that are ready for use.

Active Agent

The active agent of the present invention comprises a sugar. Sugars areuseful because they are naturally-derived, which can be preferred byconsumers versus synthetic compounds. This is not only for perceivedhealth and sensitivity reasons, but also for sustainability andenvironmental reasons—sugars break down naturally and quickly and do notrequire special disposal methods. Furthermore, sugars are also easy tosource and relatively inexpensive.

In at least one aspect, the treatment composition comprises sucrose. Inat least one aspect, the sugar is a glucoside. In at least one aspect,the sugar is methyl glucoside. In at least one aspect, the sugar is adisaccharide. In at least one aspect, the sugar is sucrose.

In at least one aspect, the active agent is a monosaccharide. In atleast one aspect, the sugar is a monosaccharide and wherein thetreatment composition comprises from about 0.1% to about 40%, or fromabout 0.5% to about 20%, or from about 1% to about 15%, or from about 7%to about 20%, or from about 8% to about 19%, or from about 10% to about18% monosaccharide. In at least one aspect, the active agent is apentose or a hexose. In at least one aspect, the active agent is areducing sugar. In at least one aspect, the treatment compositioncomprises from about 7% to about 20%, or from about 8% to about 19%, orfrom about 10% to about 18% reducing sugar. In at least one aspect, thetreatment composition comprises from about 12% to about 18% reducingsugar. In at least one aspect, the treatment composition comprises areducing sugar and wherein, if the treatment composition is heated to atemperature of 100° C., the treatment composition comprises from about12% to about 18% reducing sugar. In at least one aspect, the treatmentcomposition comprises a total amount of reducing sugar being from about12% to about 18% reducing sugar.

As used herein, “reducing sugar” means any sugar that either has analdehyde group or is capable of forming an aldehyde group in solutionthrough isomerism, and that gives a positive result in the Benedict'stest. An aldehyde group is —C(═O)H. The Benedict's test involvesemployment of the Benedict's solution. The Benedict's solution isavailable from Sigma Aldrich as ‘Benedict's Reagent’, which comprisessodium carbonate, copper sulphate pentahydrate and 2,5-difluorotoluene.In the Benedict's test, 1 mL of Benedict's solution is added to a 20 mLof 5% aqueous solution comprising a dissolved test compound. Benedict'ssolution contains blue copper(II) ions (Cu²⁺). The solution is heated to80° C. for 15 min and the resulting colour change is noted. The cupricion of the Benedict's solution is reduced to cuprous ion by the aldehydeof the sugar. A positive Benedict's test result is confirmed with achange in colour as cupric ions (Cu²⁺) are converted to cuprous ionsi.e. reduced to copper(I) ions (Cu⁺). These are precipitated as redcopper(I) oxide which is insoluble in water. The test is also designedfor longer heating time and higher temperature to note any colourchange. The solution may range in colour (with increasing amounts ofreducing sugar) from green, through yellow and orange, to red. Anycolour change away from blue suggest levels of reducing sugar. Thewavelength of light reflected by the solution will change with thecolour. In at least one aspect, a positive Benedict's test result iswhen the solution emits light not peaking with a wavelength in the rangeof 450 nm to 495 nm. In at least one aspect, a positive Benedict's testresult is when the solution emits light peaking with a wavelength in therange of 620 nm to 750 nm. This can be measured using aspectrophotometer.

TABLE 1 Assessment of sugars using the Benedict's Test Sugar 80° C., 15min 100° C., 40 min Control solution* Negative Negative Ribose PositivePositive Arabinose Positive Positive Glucose Positive Positive FructosePositive Positive Xylose Positive Positive Sucrose Negative PositiveMethyl glucoside Negative Positive *Benedict's solution only.

In the art, the Benedict's reagent is used as a test for the presence ofreducing sugars. This includes all monosaccharides and manydisaccharides, including lactose and maltose. Even more generally,Benedict's test will detect the presence of aldehydes, andalpha-hydroxy-ketones, including those that occur in certain ketoses.Thus, although fructose, a ketose, is not strictly a reducing sugar, itis an alpha-hydroxy-ketone, it gives a positive test because it isconverted to the aldoses glucose and mannose by the base in the reagent.The copper sulphate in Benedict's solution reacts with reducing sugars.One liter of Benedict's reagent can be prepared from 100 g of anhydroussodium carbonate, 173 g of sodium citrate and 17.3 g of copper(II)sulfate pentahydrate. Benedict's Reagent provides a quantitative testfor reducing sugars along with qualitative test. The colour of theobtained precipitate gives an idea about the quantity of sugar presentin the solution. A greenish precipitate indicates about 0.5%concentration; yellow precipitate indicates 1% concentration; orangeindicates 1.5% and red indicates 2% or higher concentration. A positiveresult in the Benedict's test can be recognised for a compound by a 5%(weight/weight) solution of compound in water as a red colouring. Thealdehyde group of the sugar allows the sugar to act as a reducing agent,for example in the Benedict's test.

In at least one aspect, the reducing sugar is selected from the groupconsisting of: ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, galactose, mannose,and mixtures thereof. In at least one aspect, the reducing sugar isfructose or glucose. Sugars and reducing sugars are available from SigmaAldrich. In at least one aspect, the reducing sugar is ribose,arabinose, or a mixture thereof. In at least one aspect, the treatmentcomposition comprises a reducing sugar and wherein the reducing sugar isselected from the group consisting of: arabinose, ribose, and mixturesthereof. In at least one aspect, the treatment composition comprises areducing sugar and wherein the reducing sugar is selected from the groupconsisting of: D-arabinose, L-arabinose, and mixtures thereof. In atleast one aspect, the reducing sugar is L-arabinose. In at least oneaspect, the sole reducing sugar is a pentose. In at least one aspect,the sole reducing sugar is selected from the group consisting of:arabinose, ribose, and mixtures thereof. The reducing sugars arabinose,ribose, and mixtures thereof have the benefit of excellent hairstraightening performance. By treating hair with reducing sugar andsubsequent treatment as per the invention the treated hair becomesdurably straight. Arabinose and ribose are 5 carbon sugars and these arefound to have even better performance than sugars with other carbonnumbers, such as 6 carbon and 7 carbon sugars. On the other hand, 6carbon sugars are easily available and thus have economic advantages. Inat least one aspect, the sugar is a reducing sugar and wherein thereducing sugar is selected from the group consisting of: ribose,arabinose, xylose, lyxose, galactose, mannose, and mixtures thereof; orthe sugar is arabinose. In at least one aspect, the treatmentcomposition comprises a total amount of reducing sugar being from about12% to about 18% reducing sugar, and wherein the treatment compositioncomprises arabinose.

In at least one aspect, the sugar as an added ingredient in thetreatment composition is not a reducing sugar (e.g. glucose, sucrose,and the like). In one aspect, the sugar is not a reducing sugar at anypoint during the method of the present invention (e.g. wherein themethod of the present invention does not include a step of adding heat).

In at least one aspect, the active agent comprises at least one furtherfunctional group. In one aspect, the further functional group is anyorganic moiety comprising at least one of an oxygen, nitrogen,phosphorous, boron or sulfur atom. The further functional group can beselected from the group consisting of: hydroxyl, carbonyl, aldehyde,haloformyl, carbonate ester, carboxylate, carboxyl, ester, methoxy,hydroperoxy, peroxy, ether, hemiacetal, hemiketal, acetal, ketal,orthoester, orthocarbonate ester, carboxamide, primary amine, secondaryamine, tertiary amine, ammonium, primary ketimine, secondary ketimine,primary aldimine, secondary aldimine, imide, azide, azo or diimide,cyanate, isocyanate, nitrate, nitrile, isonitrile, nitrosooxy, nitro,nitroso, pyridyl, sulfhydryl, sulfide, disulfide, sulfinyl, sulfonyl,sulfino, sulfo, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, carbonothioyl,carbonothioyl, phosphino, phosphono, phosphate, borono, boronate,borino, borinate.

In at least one aspect, the active agent comprises at least twofunctional groups selected from the group consisting of —NH₂, —NH—, —SH,—OH, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)—, —SH, and —COOH.

The active agent herein has a molecular weight of below about 1000g/mol, below about 750 g/mol, below about 500 g/mol, below about 300g/mol, from about 50 g/mol to about 250 g/mol, or from about 80 g/mol toabout 150 g/mol. It is believed that the relatively low molecular weightof the active agent facilitates penetration of the active agent into thefiber structure of the fibrous material, thereby allowing the fibrousmaterial to be shaped by the method of the present invention.

The treatment composition of the present invention preferably comprisesfrom about 0.1% to about 99.99%, from about 0.1% to about 40%, fromabout 0.1% to about 15%, from about 1% to about 10%, or from about 2% toabout 7%, by weight of the treatment composition, of active agent.

Photocatalyst

The photocatalyst may be any photoacid or photobase (or conjugatethereof) having a pKa (or pKb) value that decreases (or increases) uponexposure to electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic radiation maybe of any suitable wavelength to result in the respective decrease orincrease in pKa or pKb, and preferably is in the range of from about 300nm to about 750 nm. For example the electromagnetic radiation may beambient light, sunlight, incandescent light, fluorescent light, LEDlight, laser light, solar light, and the like. The electromagneticradiation may fall within any classification along the electromagneticspectrum, but preferably is visible light. It will be readily apparentto one of ordinary skill in the art that the appropriate wavelength orwavelengths of light will be dependent upon the identities of the one ormore photocatalysts employed.

In addition, the suitable light may be provided from any source capableof illuminating the fibrous material. For example, ambient sunlight,incandescent light, fluorescent light, and the like may provideelectromagnetic radiation of suitable wavelength. Accordingly, theelectromagnetic radiation may be provided by conventional sources suchas lamps and portable or battery-powered lights. In addition, specificdevices may be developed or adapted for use with the compositions andmethod described herein. For example, a hair brush configured toincorporate LEDs that provide light of a suitable wavelength may beused.

In various embodiments, the photocatalyst is a photoacid such as, forexample, a hydroxylated aromatic compound (i.e. a hydroxyl-substitutedaromatic compound), a sulfonated pyrene compound, an onium salt, adiazomethane derivative, a bissulfone derivative, a disulfunoderivative, a nitrobenzyl sulfonate derivate, a sulfonic acid esterderivative, a sulfonic acid ester of an N-hydroxyimide, or combinationsthereof. The photoacid is preferably a hydroxyl-substituted aromaticcompound.

Photoacid catalysts may include, for example, hydroxy-substitutedaromatics such as, for example, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 8-hydroxyquinolinesulfate, 8-quinolinol-1-oxide, 5-hydroxyquinoline, 6-hydroxyquinoline,7-hydroxyquinoline, 5-iodo-7-sulfo-8-hydroxyquinoline,5-fluoro-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-fluoro-7-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline,5-fluoro-7-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-fluoro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline,7-fluoro-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline,5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-chloro-7-brono-8-hydroxyquinoline,5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 7-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline,5-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-bromo-7-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline,5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-bromo-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline,7-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline,5-iodo-7-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5,7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline,7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-sulfonic acid-8-hydroxyquinoline,7-sulfonic acid-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-sulfonicacid-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-thiocyano-8-hydroxyquinoline,5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline,5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline,5,7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 7-azaindole, 7-cyano-2-naphthol,8-cyano-2-naphthol, 5-cyano-2-naphthol,1-hydroxy-3,6,8-pyrenetrisulfonic acid, Trans-3-hydroxystilbene,2-hydroxymethylphenol, pelargonidin, or mixtures thereof.

Photoacid catalysts may include onium salts such as, for example,bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium perfluoro-1-butanesulfonate,diphenyliodonium perfluoro-1-butanesulfonate,diphenyliodonium-9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate, diphenyliodoniumhexafluorophosphate, diphenyliodonium nitrate, diphenyliodoniump-toluenesulfonate, diphenyliodonium triflate,(4-methylphenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate, (4-methylthiophenyl)methylphenyl sulfonium triflate, 2-naphthyl diphenylsulfonium triflate,(4-phenoxyphenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate,(4-phenylthiophenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate, thiobis(triphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate), triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate,triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate salt, triphenylsulfoniumperfluoro-1-butanesulfonate, triphenylsulfonium triflate,tris(4-tert-butylphenyl) sulfonium perfluoro-1-butanesulfonate,tris(4-tert-butylphenyl)sulfonium triflate,bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium p-toluenesulfonate,bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium triflate,(4-bromophenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate,(tert-butoxycarbonylmethoxynaphthyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate,(tert-butoxycarbonylmethoxyphenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate,(4-tert-butylphenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate,(4-chlorophenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate,(4-fluorophenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate,[4-[2-hydroxytetradecyl)oxy]phenyl]phenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate,(4-iodophenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate,(4-methoxyphenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate, diphenyliodohexafluorophosphate, diphenyliodo hexafluoroarsenate, diphenyliodohexafluoroantimonate, diphenyl p-methoxyphenyl triflate, diphenylp-toluenyl triflate, diphenyl p-isobutylphenyl triflate, diphenylp-t-butylphenyl triflate, triphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate,triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroarsenate, triphenylsulfoniumhexafluoroantimonate, triphenylsulfonium triflate, dibutylnaphthylsulfonium triflate, diphenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate,(p-tert-butoxyphenyl)phenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate,diphenyliodonium p-toluenesulfonate, (p-tert-butoxyphenyl)phenyliodoniump-toluenesulfonate, triphenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate,(p-tert-butoxyphenyl)diphenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate,bis(p-tert-butoxyphenyl)phenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate,tris(p-tert-butoxyphenyl)-sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate,triphenylsulfonium p-toluenesulfonate,(p-tert-butoxyphenyl)diphenylsulfonium p-toluenesulfonate,bis(p-tert-butoxyphenyl)phenylsulfonium p-toluenesulfonate,tris(p-tert-butoxyphenyl) sulfonium p-toluenesulfonate,triphenylsulfonium nonafluorobutanesulfonate, triphenylsulfoniumbutanesulfonate, trimethyl-sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate,trimethylsulfonium p-toluenesulfonate,cyclohexylmethyl(2-oxocyclohexyl)-sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate,cyclohexylmethyl(2oxocyclohexyl) sulfonium p-toluenesulfonate,dimethylphenyl-sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate,dimethylphenyl-sulfonium p-toluenesulfonate, dicyclohexylphenylsulfoniumtrifluoromethanesulfonate, dicyclohexylphenylsulfoniump-toluenesulfonate, trinaphthylsulfonium trifluoromethane-sulfonate,cyclohexylmethyl(2-oxocyclohexyl)sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate,(2-norbornyl)methyl(2-oxocyclo-hexyl)sulfoniumtrifluoromethanesulfonate,ethylenebis-[methyl(2-oxocyclopentyl)sulfoniumtrifluoromethane-sulfonate],1,2′-naphthylcarbonylmethyltetrahydrothiophenium triflate, or mixturesthereof.

Photoacid catalysts may include diazomethane derivatives such as, forexample, bis(benzenesulfonyl)-diazomethane,bis(p-toluenesulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(xylenesulfonyl)diazomethane,bis(cyclohexylsulfonyl)-diazomethane,bis(cyclopentylsulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(n-butylsulfonyl)diazomethane,bis(isobutylsulfonyl)-diazomethane, bis(sec-butylsulfonyl)diazomethane,bis(n-propylsulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(isopropylsulfonyl)-diazomethane,bis(tert-butylsulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(n-amylsulfonyl)diazomethane,bis(isoamylsulfonyl)-diazomethane, bis(sec-amylsulfonyl)diazomethane,bis(tert-amylsulfonyl)diazomethane,1-cyclohexylsulfonyl-1-(tert-butylsulfonyl)diazomethane,1-cyclohexylsulfonyl-1-(tert-amylsulfonyl)diazomethane,1-tert-amylsulfonyl-1-(tert-butylsulfonyl)diazomethane, or mixturesthereof.

Photoacid catalysts may include glyoxime derivatives such as, forexample, bis-o-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-α-dimethylglyoxime,bis-o-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-α-diphenylglyoxime,bis-o-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-α-dicyclohexyl-glyoxime,bis-o-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-2,3-pentanedione-glyoxime,bis-o-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-2-methyl-3,4-pentane-dioneglyoxime,bis-o-(n-butanesulfonyl)-α-dimethylglyoxime,bis-o-(n-butanesulfonyl)-α-diphenylglyoxime,bis-o-(n-butanesulfonyl)-α-dicyclohexylglyoxime,bis-o-(n-butane-sulfonyl)-2,3-pentanedioneglyoxime,bis-o-(n-butane-sulfonyl)-2-methyl-3,4-pentanedioneglyoxime,bis-o-(methanesulfonyl)-α-dimethylglyoxime,bis-o-(trifluoro-methanesulfonyl)-α-dimethylglyoxime,bis-o-(1,1,1-trifluoroethanesulfonyl)-α-dimethylglyoxime,bis-o-(tert-butanesulfonyl)-α-dimethylglyoxime,bis-o-(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)-α-dimethylglyoxime,bis-o-(cyclohexane-sulfonyl)-α-dimethylglyoxime,bis-o-(benzenesulfonyl)-α-dimethylglyoxime,bis-o-(p-fluorobenzenesulfonyl)-α-dimethylglyoxime,bis-o-(p-tert-butylbenzenesulfonyl)-α-dimethylglyoxime,bis-o-(xylenesulfonyl)-α-dimethylglyoxime,bis-o-(camphorsulfonyl)-α-dimethylglyoxime, or mixtures thereof.

Photoacid catalysts may include bissulfone derivatives such as, forexample, bisnaphthylsulfonylmethane, bistrifluoromethylsulfonylmethane,Bismethylsulfonylmethane, bisethylsulfonylmethane,bispropylsulfonylmethane, bisisopropylsulfonylmethane,bis-p-toluenesulfonylmethane, bisbenzenesulfonylmethane,2-cyclohexyl-carbonyl-2-(p-toluenesulfonyl)propane (β-ketosulfonederivative), 2-isopropyl-carbonyl-2-(p-toluenesulfonyl) propane(β-ketosulfone derivative), or mixtures thereof.

Photoacid catalysts may include disulfono derivatives such as, forexample, diphenyl disulfone, dicyclohexyl disulfone, or mixturesthereof.

Photoacid catalysts may include nitrobenzyl sulfonate derivatives suchas, for example, 2,6-dinitrobenzyl p-toluenesulfonate, 2,4-dinitrobenzylp-toluenesulfonate, or mixtures thereof.

Photoacid catalysts may include sulfonic acid ester derivatives such as,for example, 1,2,3-tris(methanesulfonyloxy)benzene,1,2,3-tris(trifluoro-methanesulfonyloxy)benzene,1,2,3-tris(p-toluenesulfonyloxy)benzene, or mixtures thereof.

Photoacid catalysts may include sulfonic acid esters of N-hydroxyimidessuch as, for example, N-hydroxysuccinimide methanesulfonate,N-hydroxysuccinimide trifluoromethanesulfonate, N-hydroxysuccinimideethanesulfonate, N-hydroxysuccinimide 1-propanesulfonate,N-hydroxysuccinimide 2-propanesulfonate, N-hydroxysuccinimide1-pentanesulfonate, N-hydroxysuccinimide 1-octanesulfonate,N-hydroxysuccinimide p-toluenesulfonate, N-hydroxysuccinimidep-methoxybenzenesulfonate, N-hydroxysuccinimide 2-chloroethanesulfonate,N-hydroxysuccinimide benzenesulfonate, N-hydroxysuccinimide2,4,6-trimethyl-benzenesulfonate, N-hydroxysuccinimide1-naphthalenesulfonate, N-hydroxysuccinimide 2-naphthalenesulfonate,N-hydroxy-2-phenylsuccinimide methanesulfonate, N-hydroxymaleimidemethanesulfonate, N-hydroxymaleimide ethane-sulfonate,N-hydroxy-2-phenylmaleimide methanesulfonate, N-hydroxyglutarimidemethanesulfonate, N-hydroxyglutarimide benzenesulfonate,N-hydroxyphthalimide methanesulfonate, N-hydroxyphthalimidebenzenesulfonate, N-hydroxyphthalimide trifluoromethanesulfonate,N-hydroxyphthalimide p-toluenesulfonate, N-hydroxynaphthalimidemethanesulfonate, N-hydroxynaphthalimide benzenesulfonate,N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxyimide methanesulfonate,N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxyimide trifluoromethanesulfonate,N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxyimide p-toluenesulfonate,N-hydroxynaphthalimide triflate,N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide perfluoro-1-butanesulfonate, ormixtures thereof.

Photoacid catalysts may also include fluoresceins and derivativesthereof; preferably halogen substituted fluoresceins; more preferablybromo- and iodo-fluoresceins such as dibromo fluorescein, diodofluorescein, rose bengal, erythrosine, eosin (e.g. Eosin Y);

Hydroxy flavones and derivatives thereof; preferably hydroxyl flavones,dihydroxy flavones, trihydroxy flavones, tetrahydroxy flavones; morepreferably 3-hydroxy flavones, 7-hydroxy flavones, 5,7-hydroxy flavones,4′,5,7-trihydroxy flavone, and quercitin;

Hydroxyl triarylmethanes, preferably FD&C Green 3;

Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins; preferably cyanidin, malvidin,palargonidin and extracts containing anthocyanins such as elderberry,blueberry, cranberry, bilberry, red cabbage, sorghums, blackberry, blackcurrent, cherry red and black raspberry.

In some aspects, the photocatalyst is 8-hydroxyquinoline, which may actas a photoacid catalyst in lower pH solutions or as a photobase catalystin higher pH solutions. In other aspects, the photocatalyst is8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrentrisulfonic acid trisodium salt (D&C Green 8).

In some aspects, the photocatalyst is a photobase. Photobase catalystsmay include derivatives of trityl alcohols such as, for example,Malachite green. Photobase catalysts may also include acridinederivatives such as, for example,9-hydroxy-10-methyl-9-phenyl-9,10-dihydroacridine. Photobase catalystsmay also include photoactive carbamate-containing compounds.

The photocatalyst may be present in the compositions and methodsdescribed herein in an amount from about 0.00050% to 30%, from about0.01% to about 15%, from about 0.01% to about 10%, or from about 0.01%to about 5%, by weight of the treatment composition. Generally, there isa preferred concentration of the photocatalyst. The preferredconcentration of photocatalyst depends, in part, on a variety of factorsincluding, for example, the chemical structure of the catalyst, thereaction medium, the reaction type, the type of fibrous material, andwhether the treatment composition is diluted before/during use in themethods of the present invention.

Carrier

The compositions described herein optionally, and preferably, furthercomprise a carrier suitable for carrying, dispersing or dissolving theactive agent, the photocatalyst, and any other components to facilitatemaking the treatment composition and/or application of the treatmentcomposition onto the fibrous material. The carrier may comprise one ormore of a solvent, an emulsifier, a surfactant, or other dispersant. Thecarrier may also be a physiologically-acceptable carrier. The propertiesof a suitable carrier are dependant, at least in part, on the propertiesof the other components of the composition and the substrate to bemodified.

A suitable carrier operates to disperse or dissolve the active material,the photocatalyst, and any other components, and to facilitateapplication of the composition onto the substrate surface. A suitablecarrier facilitates sufficient contact between the active material andthe substrate. In various embodiments, a physiologically-acceptablecarrier may be any carrier, solvent, or solvent-containing compositionthat is suitable for application to physiological tissues such as humanhair and human skin, for example, in the context of personal careproducts. In various embodiments, a physiologically-acceptable carrieris a cosmetically- or dermatologically-acceptable carrier.

A suitable carrier may be a solvent. In personal and household careproduct applications, for example, water is a useful solvent. In variousembodiments, the compositions described herein may include water in anamount from 1% to 98% by weight relative to the total weight of thecomposition. Water is also a physiologically acceptable carrier.Additional solvent or solvent-containing physiologically-acceptablecarriers include, but are not limited to, hydroxyl-containing liquids(e.g., alcohols), silicones, oils, hydrocarbons, glycols, andcombinations thereof. In certain embodiments, for example, where theactive material is at least partially insoluble in water, othersolvents, dispersants, or emulsifiers may be used asphysiologically-acceptable carriers, alone or in combination with eachother and/or with water.

Alcohols, such as ethanol, can be useful carriers, especially forassisting in solubilizing the active agent and/or photocatalyst.

A suitable carrier is therefore generally used to dilute and/or emulsifythe components forming the compositions described herein. A suitablecarrier may dissolve a component (true solution or micellar solution) ora component may be dispersed throughout the carrier (suspension,dispersion or emulsion). The carrier of suspension, dispersion oremulsion may be the continuous phase thereof, in which other componentsof the suspension, dispersion or emulsion are distributed on a molecularlevel or as discrete or agglomerated particles throughout the carrier.The preparation of such emulsions or dispersions of the active in thesecases may be highly important. Small particles contribute to an intimatecontact between the active, the substrate and the photoacid catalyst,increasing the reaction rate.

It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that theappropriate carrier(s) are dependent upon the specific active agent(s),photocatalyst(s), and other optional component(s) used in thecompositions described herein.

Optional Components

The treatment compositions and methods described herein may optionallyinclude a variety of components, which will depend on the nature of thetreatment composition. The treatment composition is preferably aconsumer product composition, more preferably a personal care productcomposition or a household care composition. For example, in variousaspects, the treatment compositions and methods described herein mayinclude surfactants, emulsifiers, oxidants, reductants, pH regulators,emollients, humectants, proteins, peptides, amino acids, additivepolymers, glossers, oils and/or fatty acids, lubricants,sequestrants/chelators, antistatic agents, rheology modifiers, feelagents, fillers, dyes, preservatives, perfumes, other functionalcomponents, or combinations thereof. Particular optional components maybe found in the CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, TenthEdition, 2004; and in McCutcheon, Detergents and Emulsifiers, NorthAmerican Edition (1986). It will be readily apparent to one of ordinaryskill in the art that the particular optional components utilized willbe dependant, at least in part, upon the specific applications for thecompositions and methods.

Non-limiting examples of treatment compositions, in which the activeagent and photocatalyst can be incorporated, include:

liquid laundry detergents, such as those described in detail in US2012/0324653 A1;

granular laundry detergents, such as those described in detail in U.S.Pat. No. 7,605,116;

unit dose laundry detergents, such as those described in detail in WO2013/039964 A1, WO 2006/057905 A1, WO 2006/130647 A1;

liquid fabric softeners, such as those described in detail in U.S. Pat.No. 7,135,451, U.S. Pat. No. 6,369,025 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,492,322;

dryer-added fabric softener sheets, such as those described in detail inU.S. Pat. No. 6,787,510;

fabric treatment sprays, such as those described in detail in U.S. Pat.No. 5,939,060, WO 01/88076, US 2009/0038083 A1, and U.S. Pat. No.6,573,233;

hair shampoos, such as those described in detail in US 2013/0080279 A1;

hair conditioners, such as those described in detail in U.S. Pat. No.8,017,108;

hair styling compositions, such as those described in detail in US2009/0061004 and EP2570192;

cosmetics, including mascara compositions, such as those described indetail in US 2012/0114585.

The treatment compositions of the present invention can be in the formof a liquid composition or a solid composition (preferably awater-soluble solid composition). If in the form of a liquidcomposition, the liquid composition is preferably packaged in an opaquepackage, and/or a package which blocks electromagnetic radiation at awavelength which activates the photocatalyst of the treatmentcomposition (which does not necessarily have to be an opaque package),to prevent the premature photoactivation of the treatment composition.Solid compositions can be preferred as solid compositions tend not toprematurely photoactivate until contacting aqueous solutions. Solidcompositions are also preferably packaged in opaque packages to furtherprevent premature photoactivation. If in the form of a solidcomposition, the solid composition is preferably dissolved in a carrier,such as water, before being applied to the fibrous material.

In at least one aspect, the treatment composition is substantially freeof, or completely free of, formaldehyde, derivatives of formaldehyde,methylene glycol, formalin, and any compound that produces formaldehydeupon heating. “Heating” means raising the temperature of the compoundabove 25° C. In at least one aspect, the treatment composition issubstantially free of, or completely free of, a quaternary ammoniumcompound and/or a surfactant. In at least one aspect, the treatmentcomposition is substantially free of, or completely free of, a ceramidecompound, an alpha-hydroxy acid, a thioglycolate and/or thiolactatecompound, a bisulfate compound, clay, and/or a reducing agent. In atleast one aspect, the treatment composition is substantially free of, orcompletely free of, a carbonate compound.

Methods for Shaping Fibrous Material

The present invention further encompasses a method for shaping fibrousmaterial comprising the steps of providing a treatment compositioncomprising an active agent and a photocatalyst, applying the treatmentcomposition to the fibrous material to form a treated fibrous material,mechanically shaping the treated fibrous material, and exposing thetreated fibrous material to electromagnetic radiation. Suitabletreatment compositions include those described hereinbefore. It shouldbe noted that the step of applying the treatment composition to thefibrous material and the step of mechanically shaping the fibrousmaterial can be carried out in either order.

The treated fibrous material is exposed to electromagnetic radiationpreferably having a wavelength of from about 300 nm to about 750 nm. Inat least one aspect, the electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength offrom about 310 nm, from about 320 nm, from about 330 nm, from about 340nm, from about 350 nm, from about 360 nm, from about 370 nm, from about380 nm, from about 390 nm, from about 400 nm, or from about 410 nm, toabout 740 nm, to about 730 nm, to about 720 nm, to about 710 nm, toabout 700 nm, to about 690 nm, to about 680 nm, to about 670 nm, toabout 650 nm, or to about 640 nm. In at least one aspect, theelectromagnetic radiation has a wavelength of from 380 nm to about 550nm.

The electromagnetic radiation can be provided by a light source selectedfrom the group consisting of: ambient light, sunlight, incandescentlight, fluorescent light, LED light, laser light, solar light, andcombinations thereof. The electromagnetic radiation is preferablyvisible light. The light can be provided by conventional sources such aslamps and portable or battery-powered lights. Specific devices may bedeveloped or adapted for use with the treatment compositions and methodsdescribed herein. For example, an appliance can be configured toincorporate LEDs as a light source. In at least one aspect, the lightsource is a laser light. A laser may be used to provide precisetargeting, for example. In at least one aspect, the appliance is ahybrid heat- and light-providing hair straightening iron.

The treated fibrous material can be mechanically shaped by creasing,curling, straightening, flattening, or otherwise changing the physicalorientation of the fibrous material.

The methods of the present invention can optionally further comprise thestep of heating the fibrous material. The heating step can elevate thetemperature of the fibrous material to a temperature of from about 40°C. to about 150° C. The heating step can comprise elevating thetemperature of an implement or appliance to a temperature of from about40° C., or from about 60° C., or from about 70° C., or from about 80° C.to about 220° C., or to about 200° C., or to about 180° C., or to about170° C., or to about 160° C., or to about 150° C., or to about 140° C.,or to about 130° C., and then contacting the fibrous material with theimplement or appliance to elevate the temperature and/or mechanicallyshape the fibrous material.

In the methods of the present invention, the treatment composition ispreferably not exposed to electromagnetic radiation of less than 750 nmfor a period of at least 1 second, at least 1 minute, at least 5minutes, at least 10 minutes, or at least 30 minutes, before the step ofapplying the treatment composition to the fibrous material.

Implement

The methods of the present invention can utilize an implement tomechanically shape the fibrous material, to provide electromagneticradiation, and/or to provide heat. With respect to mechanically shapingthe fibrous material, the implement can be any appliance, device, orappendage by use of which the fibrous material can be shaped. Forexample, the implement can be a hair straightening appliance. The hairstraightening appliance can comprise a light source and/or a heatingelement. Suitable hair straightening appliances are described in detailin “APPLIANCE FOR SHAPING FIBROUS MATERIAL”, R. P. Washington et al.,U.S. Application Ser. No. 61/918,159. Such an appliance comprises alight source that provides electromagnetic radiation and a heatingelement. This type of appliance can be used to mechanically shape thefibrous material, provide electromagnetic radiation, and provide heat(e.g. an all-in-one appliance).

The implement can also be a device, such as the fabric tensioningapparatus described in US 2010/0282785 A1. The implement can also be aplate, such as a plexiglass plate, which can mechanically shape (e.g. toflatten or straighten) the fibrous material upon application ofpressure.

The implement can comprise a light source to provide electromagneticradiation for the method of the present invention.

The implement can also be an appendage, such as a finger or hand. Inthis regard, the fibrous material can be mechanically shaped by theconsumer manually manipulating the fibrous material using her fingers orhands.

Kits

The present invention further relates to a kit comprising a treatmentcomposition comprising an active agent and a photocatalyst, and anappliance for mechanically shaping a fibrous material, for providingelectromagnetic radiation, and/or for providing heat. Treatmentcompositions and appliances suitable for use in the kits of the presentinvention are described hereinbefore.

Examples

The following examples are intended to more clearly illustrate aspectsof the compositions and methods described herein, but are not intendedto limit the scope thereof. The amounts provided are weight percentages,unless otherwise indicated.

Treatment Compositions

A B C D E⁴ Arabinose — 10 10 1 41.6 (5) Ribose 5 — 10 1 8.32 (1) Xylose— — — 1 8.32 (1) 8-hydroxyquinoline   0.01 — — 0.01 0.08 (0.01)7-cyano-2-naphthol — 0.005 — — — 8-quinolinol-1- — — 0.01 0.01 0.08(0.01) oxide Preservatives ¹ 1 1 1 1 8.32 (1) Fragrance 2 2 2 2 16.64(2) Viscosity-modifying 2 2 2 2 16.64 (2) agent ² Conditioning agent ³ 11 1 1 — Deionised water QSP QSP QSP QSP — ¹ Sodium benzoate ² Acusol 823available from Rohm & Haas ³ Epoxyaminosilane copolymer available fromMomentive Performance Materials Inc. ⁴Example E is a solid treatmentcomposition; the weight percent values in parenthesis reflect amountsafter the solid composition is dissolved in water

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Arabinose 5   — — — — — — Ribose — 5   — — — — — Xylose —— 5   — — — — Mannose — — — 5   — — — Glucose — — — — 5   — — Fructose —— — — — 5   — Sucrose — — — — — — 5   8-hydroxyquinoline 0.01 0.01 0.010.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 8-quinolinol-1- 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01oxide Deionised water QSP QSP QSP QSP QSP QSP QSP

F G H I Glucose 5   15    25    — Arabinose — — — 15   8-quinolinol-1-oxide 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Deionised water QSP QSP QSP QSPHair Straightening

The hair straightening efficacy is evaluated using the following testmethod. Switches of low lift naturally curly hair are employed. Theseare shampooed with a Pantene clarifying shampoo to ensure the hair is ina clean state with no residues that could affect the end result. Theswitches are then rinsed. Excess water is removed from the hair bywringing out the switches. The switches are treated with a treatmentcomposition of the present invention which is pre-prepared in a darkroom and buffered at pH 10. The ingredients of the treatment compositionare mixed on a spinner plate for 30 mins. The treatment composition isstored in an amber bottle or a bottle covered in electrical tape toensure no light access to the treatment composition. 0.25 g of treatmentcomposition per 1 g hair is employed. The treatment composition is lefton the hair for 30 minutes. As a control, hair switches are treatedexactly the same but no treatment composition is applied to theswitch—the control switches are allowed to rest damp for 30 minutes.After this time, the hair is blow dried and brushed. The switches arethen mechanically straightened with a hybrid light- and heat-emittingstraightening iron with 8 passes. The switches are then imaged. Tosimulate durability, the switches are then given one wash-and-dry cycle.One wash-and-dry cycle involves shampooing with a Hairtrition shampoo(Hairtrition Color Protect sulfate-free shampoo from Zotos), rinsing andthen drying in a hot box. Once dry the switches are imaged again. Theswitches are then given 4 further wash-and-dry cycles. Once dry theswitches are imaged again. An expert grader gives the images of theswitches a score on a 0-10 scale. The scale is a standard scale set ascurly hair having 4-5 nodes of curls is a score of 0 and very straighthair is a 10. Thus, the switches are compared to a normal state of hair.Using an expert grader is reliable because the grader is trained onmeasuring/scaling the configuration of the hair from straight to curlyin a consistent way.

Treatment compositions according to Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7above are evaluated, along with a control (“C”), according to the testmethod above. The results are reported as a bar chart in FIG. 1. In thebar chart, the y axis is the straightness score (10 is very straight and0 is very curly). In the bar chart, the bars with the diagonal shadinglines show the straightness score by the expert grader after onewash-and-dry cycle and the bars with the horizontal shading lines showthe straightness score by the expert grader after five wash-and-drycycles. As shown in the bar chart in FIG. 1, the treatment compositionsof the present invention show excellent hair straightening benefitversus a control where no treatment composition is used. The hairstraightening benefit is durable in that the benefit is seen followingone wash-and-dry cycle.

In shown in FIG. 2, hair straightening effects via the use of heatand/or UV light are evaluated using the treatment composition of Example1 in the test method above, but under different conditions. As shown inFIG. 2, the numbering along the x axis of the bar chart in FIG. 2 refersto the following: 1=immediately after the flat iron treatment; 2=afterthe 1^(st) wash-and-dry cycle; 3=after the 5^(th) (i.e. 4 further)wash-and-dry cycles. The data reflected by the black bars in FIG. 2relate to using no treatment composition and treating the hair switcheswith a hair straightening iron at 250° F. (121° C.). The data reflectedby the grey bars in FIG. 2 relate to using no treatment composition andtreating the hair switches with a hybrid heat and UV light hairstraightening iron at 250° F. (121° C.). In FIG. 2, thehorizontal-striped bars reflect hair switches that are treated with atreatment composition of Example 1 buffered at pH 10 and treating thehair switches with a heated hair straightening iron at 250° F. (121°C.). In FIG. 2, the wavy-striped bars reflect hair switches that aretreated with a treatment composition of Example 1 buffered to pH 10 andtreating the hair switches with a hybrid heat and UV light hairstraightening iron at 250° F. (121° C.).

Eyelash Shaping

The ability to shape eyelashes is evaluated using the followingprocedure. The eyelashes used are artificial eyelashes that are madefrom scalp hair glued to a bar and artificially shaped and dried to looklike eyelashes. The eyelashes are bent out of shape. Firstly, theeyelashes are washed with a clarifying shampoo to get them clean andremove any residue. The eyelashes are soaked in a treatment compositionconsisting of 20% arabinose; 100 ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline; 100 ppm8-quinolinol-1-oxide; and QSP water buffered at pH 10. The eyelashes aresubmerged overnight in the treatment composition. Afterwards, theeyelashes are shaped, for example by pulling the lashes straight withtweezers or by curling them. After this stage, the ‘back’ half of theeyelashes are wrapped in foil. The eyelashes are then exposed to light(UV LEDs) for 1 min. The portion of eyelashes wrapped in foil do notreceive any UV light. The eyelashes are wiped with an OLAY facial wipeto simulate a consumer washing step. The eyelashes are then furtherwiped with OLAY facial wipes to simulate a further consumer washingsteps. The eyelashes are imaged at various points in the process. InFIG. 3, the results of these experiments can be seen. The images incolumn 1 of FIG. 3 are taken immediately after treatment, in column 2after 1 wash, and in column 3 after 5 washes. In row A of FIG. 3, thehalf of the eyelash nearest the camera received the UV light. Row B ofFIG. 3 is the same eyelash taken from a different angle (the right-handhalf of the eyelash received the UV light). As shown in the images ofFIG. 3, the portion of the eyelash that was exposed to UV light showssignificantly more durable shaping than the portion of the eyelash thatwas not exposed to UV light.

Reducing Wrinkles in Fabric

The following test method is utilized to evaluate the ability of atreatment composition of the present invention to reduce the appearanceof wrinkles in fabric. Dress shirts are obtained from Land's End Companyas Men's Regular Long Sleeve Button-down Solid Pinpoint Shirt in SizeLarge (Item #245195). The dress shirts are washed, rinsed and dried in aconventional automatic washer/dryer and allowed to rest in the bottom ofthe dryer prior to treatment.

100 g of a treatment composition is sprayed from a manual spray bottleevenly onto the dress shirt. The treated shirt is mechanically shapedusing a fabric tensioning apparatus as described in US 2010/0282785 A1.Using only the fabric tensioning apparatus as described in US2010/0282785 A1 (and not using the other components of the fabrictreating system described therein), the treated shirt is allowed to airdry. Once dry, the shirt is visually graded against a control, asdescribed below. The control is the same type of dress shirt preparedand treated identically with the exception that 100 g of water is usedin place of the 100 g of treatment composition.

Visual grading is performed by at least 4 visual-graders against thescale depicted below, with the final grade being reported as the averageof the individual grades.

Grade Visual Assessment of Wrinkling −2 Much more wrinkled than control−1 More wrinkled than Control 0 Equal to control 1 Less wrinkled thanControl 2 Much less wrinkled than Control

The treatment compositions of Examples F, G, H, and I are each testedaccording to the test method above, resulting in the following grades:

Treatment Composition Grade Example F 1.9 Example G 1.9 Example H 2.0Example I 2.0These results indicate that the treatment compositions provide greaterwrinkle reduction as compared to the control (i.e. water only).

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean“about 40 mm.”

Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or relatedpatent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation ofany document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect toany invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in anycombination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests ordiscloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning ordefinition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning ordefinition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, themeaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shallgovern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for shaping fibrous material comprising:(a) providing a treatment composition, wherein the treatment compositioncomprises: (i) an active agent comprising a sugar; and (ii) aphotocatalyst; (b) applying the treatment composition to a fibrousmaterial to form a treated fibrous material; (c) mechanically shapingthe treated fibrous material by using an implement; and (d) exposing thetreated fibrous material to electromagnetic radiation.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein said active agent has a molecular weight below about1000 g/mol.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagneticradiation has a wavelength of from about 300 nm to about 750 nm.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the photocatalyst is a photoacid.
 5. Themethod of claim 4, wherein the photoacid is a hydroxyl-substitutedaromatic compound.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the implementcomprises a light source.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the lightsource is selected from the group consisting of incandescent light,fluorescent light, LED light, laser light, solar light, and combinationsthereof.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment composition hasnot been exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength ofless than 750 nm for a period of at least 1 second before the step ofapplying the treatment composition to the fibrous material.
 9. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the photocatalyst is selected from the groupconsisting of: 8-hydroxyquinoline, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate,8-quinolinol-1-oxide, 5-hydroxyquinoline, 6-hydroxyquinoline,7-hydroxyquinoline, 5-iodo-7-sulfo-8-hydroxyquinoline,5-fluoro-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-fluoro-7-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline,5-fluoro-7-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-fluoro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline,7-fluoro-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline,5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-chloro-7-brono-8-hydroxyquinoline,5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 7-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline,5-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-bromo-7-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline,5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-bromo-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline,7-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline,5-iodo-7-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5,7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline,7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-sulfonic acid-8-hydroxyquinoline,7-sulfonic acid-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-sulfonicacid-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-thiocyano-8-hydroxyquinoline,5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline,5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline,5,7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline, 7-azaindole, 7-cyano-2-naphthol,8-cyano-2-naphthol, 5-cyano-2-naphthol,1-hydroxy-3,6,8-pyrenetrisulfonic acid, trans-3-hydroxystilbene,2-hydroxymethylphenol, Pelargonidin, and mixtures thereof.
 10. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the fibrous material is selected from thegroup consisting of keratin fibers, cellulosic fibers, synthetic fibers,and combinations thereof.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the fibrousmaterial is keratin fibers.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein thefibrous material is a woven or nonwoven fabric.
 13. The method of claim1, wherein the method further comprises elevating the temperature of thetreated fibrous material to a temperature of from about 40° C. to about150° C.
 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the implement furthercomprises a heat source.
 15. The method of claim 1, wherein thetreatment composition is substantially free of formaldehyde, derivativesof formaldehyde, formalin, and any compound that produces formaldehydeupon heating.
 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatmentcomposition comprises from about 0.1% to about 99.99%, by weight of thetreatment composition, of the active agent.
 17. The method of claim 1,wherein the treatment composition further comprises a carrier.
 18. Themethod of claim 17, wherein the carrier is water.
 19. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the treatment composition is a solid, and wherein themethod further comprises the step of dissolving the treatmentcomposition in a carrier.
 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the activeagent is a monosaccharide.
 21. The method of claim 1, wherein saidactive agent is selected from the group consisting of ribose, arabinose,xylose, lyxose, galactose, mannose, glucose, and mixtures thereof. 22.The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is arabinose.
 23. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the treatment composition is packaged in anopaque package.